(informal) (man)

casual wear, casuals.

* * *

(n.) = casual clothes, informal dress, casual wear

Ex. Since he had not borrowed anything, he made his way past them -- to find himself accosted by a young man in casual clothes entrenched behind a desk.

Ex. The book considers the influence of Turkish dress on 18th c. English fashion, particularly masquerade costumes and informal dress.

Ex. In these days of casual wear, cufflinks aren't quite the hot item they were many years ago.

* * *

1) Общая лексика: военнослужащий, военный

2) Разговорное выражение: армеец (informal)

1 male (biology).

un hipopótamo macho a male hippopotamus

2 macho (informal) (man).

es muy macho (informal) he's a real man

3 brave, fearless.

4 bold.

5 blond, blonde.

1 male (biology).

macho cabrío billy goat; macho man, he-man (figurative) (hombre)

2 (male) plug, jack plug ( electricity and electronics) (enchufe).

3 macho, he-man, macho-man.

4 buck, jackass, he mule, jack.

5 cock, male bird.

6 lover boy.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: machar.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 (animal, planta) male

2 (persona) macho, tough

► nombre masculino

1 (animal, planta) male

2 (del enchufe) plug; (del corchete) hook

3 (mula) mule

4 familiar (hombre) macho man, tough guy

5 familiar (como apelativo) mate, pal, man

■ ¡qué tal, macho! hello, mate!

\

macho cabrío billy goat

* * *

1) male

2) he

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (Bio) male

2) * (=viril) manly, brave

3) (Mec) male

4) And (=fantástico) splendid, terrific *

2. SM

1) (Bio) male

2) * (=hombretón) macho man *, he-man *

3) * [uso apelativo] mate *, buddy (EEUU) *

4) (=mulo) mule

5) (Mec) male screw

- atarse o apretarse los machos

6) (Elec) male plug

7) (Cos) hook

8) (=mazo) sledgehammer

9) (Arquit) buttress

10)

- parar el macho a algn

11) CAm (Mil) US marine

12) Esp † ** five-peseta coin

* * *

1) <animal/planta> male

2) (fam) (valiente, fuerte) tough, brave; (pey) macho (pej)

3) < pieza> male

- cha adjetivo (Col fam) great (colloq)

1)

a) (Biol, Zool) male

b) (fam) ( hijo) boy

- macho cabrío

2) ( mula) mule

3)

a) (fam) ( hombre fuerte) tough guy (colloq); (pey) macho man (colloq & pej)

b) ( como apelativo) (Esp fam)

4) (Mec, Tec) pin; (Elec) male (plug); ( de un corchete) hook; ( en carpintería) peg, pin

* * *

= stud, male.

Ex. 'Slut'/'angel' and 'wuss'/' stud' dichotomies provide an oversimplified grid from which adolescents negotiate complex feelings towards their own sexuality.

Ex. The decision has been made to use the term males instead of the term Men in the indexing of documents.

----

* agarrarse los machos = batten down + the hatches.

* apretarse los machos = gird (up) + Posesivo + loins.

* cabra macho = billy-goat, he-goat.

* cerdo macho = boar.

* macho alfa = alpha male.

* macho beta = beta male.

* Nombre de Pájaro + macho = cock + Nombre de Pájaro.

* * *

1) <animal/planta> male

2) (fam) (valiente, fuerte) tough, brave; (pey) macho (pej)

3) < pieza> male

- cha adjetivo (Col fam) great (colloq)

1)

a) (Biol, Zool) male

b) (fam) ( hijo) boy

- macho cabrío

2) ( mula) mule

3)

a) (fam) ( hombre fuerte) tough guy (colloq); (pey) macho man (colloq & pej)

b) ( como apelativo) (Esp fam)

4) (Mec, Tec) pin; (Elec) male (plug); ( de un corchete) hook; ( en carpintería) peg, pin

* * *

* * *

A ‹animal/planta› male

ballena/elefante macho bull whale/elephant

liebre macho buck hare

gato macho tomcat

oso macho male bear

B ( fam) (valiente, fuerte) tough, brave; ( pey) macho ( pej)

fue muy machito y no lloró he was a very brave boy and didn't cry

C ‹pieza› male

( Col fam) great ( colloq), fantastic ( colloq)

1 ( Biol, Zool) male

2 ( fam) (hijo) boy

billy goat

B (mula) mule

atarse los machos to pluck up courage

montarse en el machoor machito to dig one's heels in

no bajarse del machoor machito to stick to one's guns

no se baja del machito he's sticking to his guns, he won't budge (an inch), he refuses to back down

1 ( fam) (hombre fuerte) tough guy ( colloq); ( pey) macho man ( colloq pej)

¡aguántese como los machos! take it like a man!

archetypal Spanish macho man

(como apelativo) ( Esp fam): jo, macho, ¡qué calor hace! boy o wow o gee o man, it's hot! ( colloq)

oye, macho, ¡deja algo para mí! hey you, leave some for me! ( colloq)

D ( Mec, Tec) pin; ( Elec) male plug, male; (de un corchete) hook; (en carpintería) peg, pin

* * *

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

◊ macho cabrío billy goat

◊ ballena/elefante macho bull whale/elephant;

* * *

♦ adj

1. [del sexo masculino] male;

un hipopótamo macho a male hippopotamus

2. Fam [hombre] macho;

es muy macho he's a real man

3. RP, Ven Fam [valiente] brave

4. RP, Ven Fam [fuerte, resistente] industrial-strength;

un galpón macho an industrial-strength shed

5. RP, Ven Fam [importante, de peso] major, serious;

un problema macho a major o serious problem

♦ nm

1. [animal, planta] male

2. [mulo] (male) mule

3. Fam [hombre] macho man, he-man

4. [enchufe] male plug, jack plug;

5. Comp

atarse o [m5] apretarse los machos to brace oneself

♦ interj

¡oye, macho! Br hey, mate, US hey, buddy!;

¡mira, macho, cómo llueve! Jesus, look at that rain!;

¡macho, a ver si te callas! just shut up will you Br mate o US buddy?

* * *

I adj

1 (de sexo masculino) male

2 ( varonil) tough

3 desp

macho

II m

1 animal male

2 apelativo fam

man fam, Br

mate fam

3 L.Am. ( plátano) banana

* * *

macho adj

1) : male

2) : macho, virile, tough

macho nm

1) : male

2) : he-man

* * *

macho adj n

1. (de sexo masculino) male

el faisán macho the male pheasant

2. (machote) macho

[mãd‘ar] vt 1 envoyer. 2 commander, ordonner. vi 3 imposer, dominer. 4 commander, gouverner. mandar construir faire construire. mandar embora renvoyer, demettre. mandar fazer faire faire.

* * *

[mãn`da(x)]

Verbo intransitivo commander

Verbo transitivo envoyer

mandar alguém fazer algo envoyer quelqu’un faire quelque chose

mandar fazer algo faire faire quelque chose

mandar alguém passear ( informal) envoyer quelqu’un promener

mandar vir (encomendar) commander

mandar à merda ( vulgar) envoyer chier

mandar em (empresa) diriger

(casa) commander, faire la loi

* * *

1 ( ordenar) ordonner

commander quelqu'un

ordonner à quelqu'un de faire quelque chose

ici c'est moi qui commande!

2 ( enviar) envoyer

il envoie ses salutations

renvoyer; congédier

envoyer une lettre à quelqu'un

3 ( encomendar) commander

faire

faire appeler quelqu'un

faire faire

faire nettoyer une veste

commander quelque chose

1 incredible, tremendous (informal). (peninsular Spanish)

se armó el lío padre there was a terrible o huge fuss

fue el cachondeo padre it was a great laugh

2 great. (Mexican Spanish)

está muy padre it's really great o fantastic

3 parent.

4 neat, super.

1 father (man).

de padre y muy señor mío (informal) incredible, tremendous

hacer padre a alguien (informal) to make somebody a happy man (peninsular Spanish)

padre de familia head of the family

padre político father-in-law

2 father (religion).

Santo padre Holy Father, Pope

padre espiritual confessor

Padres de la Iglesia Fathers of the Christian Church

3 priest, father.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 father

2 RELIGIÓN (sacerdote) father

3 Padre RELIGIÓN Father

► nombre masculino plural padres

1 parents

► adjetivo

1 familiar (fenomenal) terrific

\

de padre y muy señor mío familiar almighty

no tener ni padre, ni madre, ni perrito que le ladre to be all alone in the world

ser cada uno de su padre y su madre to be an odd mixture

¡su (tu etc) padre! familiar and the same to you!

padre de familia head of the family

padre espiritual confessor

padre político father-in-law

el Santo Padre the Holy Father, the Pope

* * *

- padres

* * *

1. SM

1) (=progenitor) father; (Zool) father, sire

- no tiene padre ni madre, ni perrito que le ladre

2) pl padres (=padre y madre) parents

3) (Rel) father

4) [de disciplina] father

5) *

ADJ * (=enorme) huge

* * *

a) (fam) ( grande) terrible (colloq)

b) [estar] (Méx fam) <coche/persona> great (colloq), fantastic

1) ( pariente) father

- padre de familia

- padre de la patria

2) (Relig) ( sacerdote) father

- padre espiritual

3) Padre ( Dios)

* * *

= father, dad.

Ex. A patronymic is the name derived from the given name of the father, often by the addition of a suffix.

Ex. Tuan is his new father figure after his real dad sadly died after being poorly for a long time.

----

* Asociación de Madres y Padres de Alumnos (AMPA) = Parent-Teacher Association (PTA).

* asociación de padres = parents' association.

* asociación de padres de alumnos = Parent-Teacher Association (PTA).

* de los padres = parental.

* día del padre, el = Father's Day.

* el padre de = the father of.

* familia en la que los dos padres trabajan = dual-income family.

* formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.

* madre o padre adoptivo = foster parent.

* madre o padre biológico = biological parent.

* madre o padre de nacimiento = birth parent.

* madre o padre natural = birth parent.

* madre or padre adoptivo = adoptive parent.

* padre adoptivo = foster father, adoptive father.

* padre biológico = biological father.

* padre de familia = pater familias, family man.

* padre de nacimiento = birth father.

* padre fundador = founding father.

* padre natural = birth father.

* padres = parents.

* padres adoptivos = adopted parents.

* padres biológicos = biological parents.

* padre soltero = single father.

* reunión a la que los padres acuden con sus bebés = lapsit.

* sueño de los padres = hand-me-down dream.

* * *

a) (fam) ( grande) terrible (colloq)

b) [estar] (Méx fam) <coche/persona> great (colloq), fantastic

1) ( pariente) father

- padre de familia

- padre de la patria

2) (Relig) ( sacerdote) father

- padre espiritual

3) Padre ( Dios)

* * *

* * *

1 ( fam) (grande) terrible ( colloq)

nos dimos or nos llevamos un susto padre we got a hell of a o a terrible fright ( colloq)

se armó un escándalo padre there was an almighty o a terrible fuss

2 [ ESTAR] ( Méx fam); ‹coche/película/persona› great ( colloq), fantastic

¡qué padre! great!

A (pariente) father

mis padres my parents

cada uno es/era de su padre y de su madre they are/were all different

de padre y (muy) señor mío terrible ( colloq)

le pegó una paliza de padre y (muy) señor mío he gave him the thrashing of his life, he gave him a terrible o an almighty beating

un dolor de cabeza de padre y (muy) señor mío a terrible o an almighty o ( colloq) a splitting headache

no tener padre ni madre, ni perrito que le ladre to be all alone in the world

father, family man

( Hist) hero of the nation

los padres de la patria (fundadores) the founding fathers, the founders of the nation

veo que los padres de la patria acaban de votarse otro aumento ( iró) (diputados) I see our esteemed leaders have awarded themselves another salary increase ( iro)

B ( Relig) (sacerdote) father

el padre Miguel Father Miguel

confessor

Padre (Dios): el Padre the Father

Dios Padre God the Father

* * *

◊ mis padres my parents;

a) (fam) ( grande) terrible (colloq)

b) [estar] (Méx fam) ‹coche/persona› great (colloq), fantastic

* * *

♦ nm

1. [pariente] father;

Cervantes es el padre de la novela moderna Cervantes is the father of the modern novel;

Emilio padre Emilio senior;

cada uno es de su padre y de su madre each one is different;

de padre y muy señor mío incredible, tremendous;

hacer padre a alguien to make sb a happy man

¡tu padre! sod you!;

no tener padre ni madre ni perrito que le ladre to be without o not to have a friend in the world

padre de la patria founding father;

padre político father-in-law;

padre soltero single parent

2. [sacerdote] father

3. Rel

♦ adj inv

1. Esp [tremendo] incredible, tremendous;

se armó el lío padre there was a terrible o huge fuss;

fue el cachondeo padre it was a great laugh

2. Méx [genial] great, fantastic;

esa canción está muy padre that song is really great o fantastic;

¡ay qué padre! hey, that's great o fantastic!

♦ padres nmpl

1. [padre y madre] parents

2. [antepasados] forefathers, ancestors;

las tradiciones de nuestros padres the traditions of our forefathers o ancestors

* * *

m father;

padres pl parents;

de padre y muy señor mío terrible;

¡qué padre! Méx brilliant!

* * *

padre adj, Mex fam : fantastic, great

padre nm

1) : father

2) padres nmpl

: parents

* * *

padre n father

La palabra más familiar es dad ( papá)

chicken-hearted.

1 hen.

cría gallinas he keeps chickens (gallinas, pollos y gallos)

la gallina ciega (informal) blind man's buff

matar la gallina de los huevos de oro (informal figurative) to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

2 coward, wimp, quitter, yellow-belly.

chicken, coward (informal) (person).

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 hen

► nombre masulino o femenino

1 familiar chicken, coward

\

acostarse con las gallinas to go to bed very early

como gallina en corral ajeno familiar like a fish out of water

jugar a la gallina ciega to play blind man's buff

matar la gallina de los huevos de oro familiar to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

gallina clueca broody hen

gallina de agua coot

gallina de Guinea guinea fowl

gallina de mar stargazer

piel de gallina gooseflesh, goose pimples plural

* * *

* * *

1. SF

1) (=ave) hen

- acostarse con las gallinas

- cantar la gallina

- andar como gallina clueca

- estar como gallina en corral ajeno

- estar como gallina con huevos

- ¡hasta que meen las gallinas!

- matar la gallina de los huevos de oro

- las gallinas de arriba ensucian a las de abajo

2) (Culin) chicken

SMF * (=cobarde) chicken *, coward

* * *

adjetivo (fam) chicken (colloq)

1) (Zool) hen; (Coc) chicken

- gallina clueca

- gallinita ciega

2) gallina masculino y femenino (fam) ( cobarde) chicken (colloq)

* * *

= hen, wuss, cowardly, wussy [wussier -comp., wussiest -sup.], wimpy [wimpier -comp., wimpiest -sup.], wimpish.

Ex. So Hutchins arranges her drawings in such a way that as your eye travels leftwards across the page you see the fox who is stalking the hen and trying to catch her.

Ex. He goes on to state that liberals are wusses for claiming 'I support the troops but not the war'.

Ex. Tachers found girls more virile, obtrusive, mischievous, sharing, straightforward, careless, dependent, quiet, and cowardly.

Ex. And being against the war and saying you support the troops is one of the wussiest positions the pacifists have ever taken.

Ex. I am the wimpiest wimp who ever wimped when it comes to surgery.

Ex. What is not true is the assumption that art that is modest and discreet automatically lacks nerve and is intrinsically boring and wimpish.

----

* dilema de qué es primero el huevo o la gallina = chicken and egg situation.

* gallina de campo = free-range hen.

* gallina de corral = free-range hen.

* gallina de granja = free-range hen.

* gallina ponedora = egg-laying hen.

* * *

adjetivo (fam) chicken (colloq)

1) (Zool) hen; (Coc) chicken

- gallina clueca

- gallinita ciega

2) gallina masculino y femenino (fam) ( cobarde) chicken (colloq)

* * *

* * *

( fam); chicken ( colloq)

¡qué gallina eres! chicken! o don't be so chicken!

A ( Zool) hen; ( Coc) chicken

caldo de gallina chicken broth

acostarse con or (Bol, RPl) como las gallinas to go to bed early

estar/sentirse como gallina en corral ajeno ( fam); to be/feel like a fish out of water

la gallina de los huevos de oro the goose that lays/laid the golden eggs

levantarse con or (Bol, RPl) como las gallinas ( fam); to get up at the crack of dawn, be up with the lark

(empollando) broody hen; (cuidando la pollada) mother hen

me tocó sentarme al lado de un grupo de gallinas cluecas ( fam); I had to sit next to a group of squawking women ( colloq)

estar como or parecer una gallina clueca ( fam); to be like a mother hen

guinea fowl

blind man's buff

laying hen

gallina masculine and feminine ( fam) (cobarde) chicken ( colloq), wimp ( colloq)

* * *

◊ gallina clueca ( empollando) broody hen;

◊ gallinita ciega blind man's buff

◊ gallina sustantivo masculino y femenino (fam) ( cobarde) chicken (colloq)

* * *

♦ adj

es muy gallina he's such a chicken o wimp

♦ nf

hen;

cría gallinas [gallinas, pollos y gallos] he keeps chickens;

acostarse con las gallinas to go to bed early;

levantarse con las gallinas to get up at cock-crow, to be up with the lark;

como gallina en corral ajeno like a fish out of water

gallina clueca broody hen;

gallina de Guinea guinea fowl;

la gallina de los huevos de oro the golden goose, the goose that lays the golden eggs;

matar la gallina de los huevos de oro to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs;

gallina pintada guinea fowl

♦ nmf

* * *

I f hen;

matar la gallina de los huevos de oro kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

II m/f fam

chicken

* * *

gallina nf

1) : hen

gallina de Guinea : guinea fowl

* * *

gallina n

1. (ave) hen

2. (cobarde) chicken / coward

f (pl -i) hand

a portata di mano within reach

fuori mano out of the way, not easy to get at

fig alla mano approachable

di seconda mano second-hand

dare una mano a qualcuno give someone a hand

mettere mano a qualcosa start something

lavo le pentole che sporco a mano a mano I wash the dirty pots as I go along

tenersi per mano hold hands

man mano che as (and when)

ha le mani bucate money just slips through his fingers

mani in alto! hands up!

* * *

mano s.f.

1 hand: mani affusolate, callose, tozze, slender, horny, stubby hands; la mano destra, sinistra, the right, left hand; le linee della mano, the lines of the hand; mi sono fatto male alla mano, I hurt my hand; vai a lavarti le mani, go and wash your hands; avere qlco. in mano, to have sthg. in one's hand; battere le mani, to clap (one's hands); consegnare, trasportare qlco. a mano, to deliver, to carry sthg. by hand; passeggiare mano nella mano, to walk hand in hand; alzare la mano, to put one's hand up; voto per alzata di mano, voting by show of hands // mani in alto!, hands up!; giù le mani!, hands off! // (calcio) fallo di mano, hands ball // avere le mani pulite, sporche, (anche fig.) to have clean, dirty hands; il nostro è un partito dalle mani pulite, there's no taint of corruption in our party // stringere la mano, le mani a qlcu., to shake hands with s.o.; qua la mano!, let's shake hands!; stretta di mano, handshake

2 (parte, lato) side: contro mano, (di veicoli ecc.) on the wrong side of the road; tenere la propria mano, (nella circolazione stradale) to keep to one's own side of the road

3 (potere, balìa) hand; power: cadde in mano al nemico, he fell into the enemy's hands; i terroristi hanno ancora in mano cinque ostaggi, the terrorists still have five hostages in their hands; il mio destino è nelle tue mani, my fate is in your hands; quella proprietà non è più nelle sue mani, that property is no longer in his hands; quell'uomo è in mia mano, that man is in my power; avere in mano il successo, to have success within one's grasp

4 (scrittura) handwriting, (form.) hand: di sua mano, in his own hand; ha una bella mano, he has beautiful handwriting

5 (tocco) touch (anche fig.): mano da maestro, masterly touch; si riconosce facilmente la mano di un maestro, it is easy to recognize the hand of a master; mano leggera, (di medico ecc.) light touch; dare l'ultima mano a un quadro, to give the finishing touch to a work // avere la mano pesante, to be heavy-handed

6 (strato di colore, vernice ecc.) coat: mano di finitura, finishing coat; mano di fondo, primer (o priming o undercoat); una mano di vernice, a coat of varnish; mano isolante, sealer; occorre dare un'altra mano di bianco al soffitto, we have to give another coat of white to the ceiling

7 (alle carte) hand: mano fortunata, lucky hand; facciamo ancora una mano, let's play one more hand // chi è di mano?, (a chi tocca iniziare il gioco?) whose lead is it?

8 mano d'opera → manodopera.

◆ FRASEOLOGIA: fatto a mano, handmade; tessuto a mano, handwoven // (mus.): pezzo a quattro mani, a piece for four hands; suonare a quattro mani, to play piano duets // di mano in mano, from hand to hand // a mani vuote, empty-handed // a piene mani, in (o by) handfuls: attinse a piene mani dai classici, he drew liberally on the classics // a mano armata, by force of (o under) arms: rapina a mano armata, holdup (o armed robbery) // a man salva, with impunity (o unopposed) // paga sempre denaro alla mano, (pronta cassa) he always pays (in) cash (o ready money); presentarsi al controllo documenti alla mano, have your documents ready for checking // scappare, sfuggire di mano, to slip through one's fingers: il vaso mi è sfuggito di mano accidentalmente, the vase slipped out of my hands accidentally; la situazione gli è sfuggita di mano, he couldn't keep the situation in hand (o he lost control of the situation); mi è sfuggito dalle mani un buon affare, a good deal slipped through my fingers // ho in mano le prove di quanto asserisco, I have evidence of what I say in my hands // di prima, di seconda mano, first-hand, second-hand: articolo di seconda mano, second-hand article; notizie di prima mano, first-hand news // disegno a mano libera, free-hand drawing // luogo fuori mano, out of the way place // una persona alla mano, an easygoing person // gli restituirò il denaro man mano, I shall give him the money back little by little; man mano che andava avanti si stancava sempre più, as he went on he got more and more tired; man mano che invecchia diventa sempre più avaro, the older he gets the meaner he grows // ha le mani di pastafrolla, he's a butterfingers // ho le mani legate, (fig.) my hands are tied // avere le mani in pasta, to have one's finger in the pie // me ne lavo le mani, I wash my hands of it // mi prudono le mani!, I could hit you! // mettere le mani su qlco., to lay hands on sthg. // non ci metterei la mano sul fuoco, I would not stake my life on it (o wouldn't swear to it) // possono darsi la mano, (fig.) they are two of a kind // puoi darmi una mano, per piacere?, can you give me a hand, please? // alzare le mani contro qlcu., to lift one's hand against s.o. // avere le mani bucate, to be a spendthrift // avere le mani lunghe, (per rubare) to have light fingers; un uomo svelto di mano, (ladruncolo) a light-fingered man (o a pilferer) // il nuovo direttore ha le mani lunghe, (facile a toccare le donne) the new manager can't keep his hands to himself // tenere qlco. a portata di mano, to have sthg. handy (o at hand o within easy reach o ready) // avere qlco. per le mani, to have sthg. in hand // fare la mano a qlco., to get one's hand in at sthg. // caricare la mano, to exaggerate // chiedere, domandare la mano di qlcu., to ask s.o.'s hand in marriage // essere in buone mani, to be in good hands // fare man bassa di qlco., to plunder (o loot) sthg.; i ragazzi hanno fatto man bassa di tutto ciò che c'era da mangiare, the kids made short work of everything that there was to eat // il cavallo gli ha preso la mano, he lost control of the horse; farsi prendere la mano da qlco., to lose control of sthg. // forzare la mano a qlcu., to force s.o.'s hand // lasciare mano libera a qlcu., to allow (o to give) s.o. a free hand // mi sarei mangiato le mani per essermi lasciato sfuggire quell'affare, I could kick myself for losing that deal // menar le mani, to fight // non ho ancora potuto metter mano al nuovo lavoro, I still haven't been able to get started on (o get down to) that new job // mettere mano alla penna, to put pen to paper // mettere mano alla spada, to draw one's sword // mettere mano alla borsa, (fig.) to open one's purse strings // mettere le mani avanti, to be on the safe side: in ogni caso ti conviene metter le mani avanti e definire al più presto la tua posizione, in any case it would be a good idea for you to play safe and clarify your position as soon as possible // mettersi in mano a, nelle mani di un buon medico, to put oneself into the hands of a good doctor // portare qlcu. in palma di mano, to hold s.o. in the palm of one's hand // prendere il coraggio a due mani, to take one's courage in both hands // stare con le mani in mano, to twiddle one's thumbs (o to remain idle): non stare lì con le mani in mano!, don't stand there doing nothing! (o twiddling your thumbs!) // tendere la mano, (elemosinare) to beg; tendere la mano a qlcu., to hold out a hand to s.o. (o to give a helping hand to s.o. o to give s.o. a hand) // tener mano a qlcu., to aid and abet s.o. // toccare con mano (qlco.), to see (sthg.) for oneself // venire alle mani, to come to blows // la mano sinistra non sappia quello che fa la destra, (prov.) let not your left hand know what your right hand is doing // una mano lava l'altra, (prov.) you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours.

* * *

sostantivo femminile

1) hand

2) (aiuto)

3) (indicando il controllo, il possesso) hand

4) (stile)

5) (denotando l'abilità)

6) gioc. (a carte) hand

7) (direzione di marcia)

8) (di colore) coat, layer

9) a mano

10) alla mano (pronto da usare, esibire)

11) man mano, (a) mano a mano little by little

12) fuori mano [paese, sentiero] out of the way; [ abitare] off the beaten track

••

* * *

mano

/'mano/ ⇒ 4

sostantivo f.

 1 hand; salutare qcn. con la mano to wave at sb.; -i in alto, su le -i! hands up! mano nella mano hand in hand; passare di mano in mano to pass from hand to hand; tenere qcs. in mano to hold sth. in one's hand; tenersi per mano to hold hands; prendere qcn. per mano to take sb. by the hand (anche fig.); attingere qcs. a piene -i fig. to pick up handfuls of sth.; a -i nude with one's bare hands; suonare il piano a quattro -i to play a duet on the piano; disegnare a mano libera to draw freehand; rapina a mano armata armed robbery; sporcarsi le -i to dirty one's hands, to get one's hands dirty (anche fig.); mettere mano al portafogli to put one's money where one's mouth is, to put one's hand in one's pocket

 2 (aiuto) dare una mano a qcn. to give o lend sb. a (helping) hand

 3 (indicando il controllo, il possesso) hand; cambiare mano to change hands; avere qcs. sotto mano to have sth. on hand; mi è capitato tra le -i I just happened to come across it; tenere qcs. a portata di mano to keep sth. handy; essere nelle -i di qcn. [potere, impresa] to be in sb.'s hands; prendere in mano la situazione to take matters into one's own hands; in buone -i in good hands; in -i sicure in safe hands; cadere nelle -i di qcn. to fall into sb.'s hands; di prima, seconda mano firsthand, second-hand

 4 (stile) riconoscere la mano di un artista to recognize an artist's style

 5 (denotando l'abilità) fare o prendere la mano a to get one's hand in; avere la mano leggera to have a light touch; avere la mano pesante to be heavy-handed; avere la mano felice to be skillful o skilled

 6 gioc. (a carte) hand; passare la mano to pass (anche fig.)

 7 (direzione di marcia) contro mano →  contromano

 8 (di colore) coat, layer

 9 a mano fare qcs. a mano to do o make sth. by hand; fatto a mano handmade; dipinto a mano hand-painted

 10 alla mano (pronto da usare, esibire) minacciare qcn. coltello alla mano to threaten sb. at knife point; è arrivata con prove alla mano she had concrete proof; (semplice) [ persona] informal

 11 man mano, (a) mano a mano little by little; preferisco informarli man mano I prefer to inform them as I go along; man mano che as

 12 fuori mano [paese, sentiero] out of the way; [ abitare] off the beaten track

IDIOMS

chiedere la mano di qcn. to ask for sb.'s hand; ci metterei la mano sul fuoco I'm willing to bet on it; fare man bassa to sweep the board; venire alle -i to come to blows; avere le -i di burro o di pastafrolla to be butterfingered; arrivare a -i vuote to arrive empty-handed; qua la mano! put it there! shake! give o slip me some skin! AE; man forte→  manforte; una mano lava l'altra you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours; essere preso con le -i nel sacco to be caught red-handed; alzare le -i su qcn., mettere le -i addosso a qcn. to lay a finger o hand on sb.; mettere le -i avanti to play (it) safe; stare con le -i in mano to sit o stand idly by; avere le -i lunghe (rubare) to be light- o nimble-fingered, to have sticky fingers colloq.; (essere influente) to have a lot of influence; avere le -i in pasta to have a finger in every pie; farsi o lasciarsi prendere la mano to lose control of the situation; toccare con mano to experience first hand.

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   ■ World War II and Portugal

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   ■ Johns, Philip. Within Two Cloaks. Missions With SIS and SOE. London, 1979.

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   ■ Nery, Julia. O Consul. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1991.

   ■ Pimentel, Irene Flunser. Judeus em Portugal na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 2006.

   ■ Popov, Dusko. Spy/ Counterspy. London, 1974.

   ■ Prokosch, Frederick. The Conspirators. New York, 1943.

   ■ Remarque, Erich Maria. The Night in Lisbon. New York, 1966.

   ■ Ribeiro, Aquilino. Volfarmio Romance. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1943.

   ■ Rosas, Fernando. Portugal entre a Paz e a Guerra. Lisbon: Estampa, 1990.

   ■ Saint-Exupery, Antoine. Wartime Writings, 1939-1944. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano, ed. Portugal E A Guerra. Historia das Intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais seculos XIX e XX. Lisbon: Colibri, 1998.

   ■ Telo, Antonio Jose. Propagandal E Guerra Secreta Em Portugal 1939-45. Lisbon, 1990.

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   ■. "And Who is My Neighbor? A World War II Hero of Conscience for Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review 23 (no. 2) (Summer 1989), 119-39.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question, and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, WI), 23 (nos.1, 2) (Summer, 1986; Winter, 1986). 97-111; 108-127.

   ■. "Last of the Great Air Mysteries of the War [World War II]." Bridport and Lyme Regis Gazette (Dorset, U.K.), June 5, 2003, 24-25.

   ■. "Leslie Howard Helped Win World War II," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Mo.), April 3, 5, 2005.

   ■ Wilson, Robert. A Small Death in Lisbon. London, 2000.

   ■. The Company Of Strangers. San Diego, 2002.

   ■ Wylie, Neville. "An Amateur Learns His Job? Special Operations Executive in Portugal, 1940-42." Journal of Contemporary History. 36: no. 3 (2001), 441-57.

   ■ The Military

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General. Historia do Exercito Portugues. Lisbon: Inquerito, 1945.

   ■ Kaulza de Arriaga, General. Guerra e Politica. Em nome da verdade. Os anos decisivos. Lisbon: Referendo, 1987.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, Jose. O Comportamento Politico dos Militares, Forcas Armadas e Regimes Politicos em Portugal no seculo XX. Lisbon: Estampa, 1992.

   ■ Pereira Marques, Fernando. Exercito e Sociedade em Portugal. No Declinio do Antigo Regime e advento do Liberalismo. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

   ■ Ribeiro Dos Santos, Antonio Pedro. O Estado E A Order Publica. As Institui-coes Militares Portuguesas. Lisbon: Instituto Superior De Ciencias Sociais E Politicas, 1999.

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   ■ Spinola, Antonio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon: Arcadia, 1974.

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   ■. Coord., Nova Historia Militar de Portugal, 5 vols. Lisbon: Circulo de Leitores, 2003-.

   ■ Valente, Vasco Pulido. O Poder e o Povo. A Revolucao de 1910. Lisbon: Moraes, 1976, 1982.

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   ■ Government and Politics since 1974

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   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel, ed. Sistema Eleitoral Portugües: Debate Político e Parlamentar. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional/ Casa da Moeda, 1998.

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   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

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   ■ Cruzeiro, Maria Manuela. Costa Gomes-o Ultimo Marechal. Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 1998.

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   ■, ed. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

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   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

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   ■ Alves, Márcio Moreira. Les Soldats Socialistes du Portugal. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.

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   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

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   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

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   ■, and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Ortelo Saraiva de. Cinco Meses Mudaram Portugal. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

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   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

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   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

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   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

   ■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]

   ■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

   ■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.

   ■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.

   ■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.

   ■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

   ■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

   ■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.

   ■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.

   ■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.

   ■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

   ■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)

   ■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.

   ■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.

   ■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.

   ■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

   ■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.

   ■. Velho Brasil, Novas Africas: Portugal e o Império ( 1808-1975). Oporto: Afrontamento, 2000.

   ■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.

   ■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.

   ■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.

   ■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.

   ■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.

   ■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.

   ■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.

   ■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.

   ■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.

   ■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.

   ■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.

   ■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.

   ■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

   ■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

   ■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.

   ■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.

   ■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

   ■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.